A Division Bench (‘DB’) of the Delhi High Court, by its judgement dated December 9, 2016 in the case of Chancellor, Masters & Scholars of the University of Oxford & Ors v. Rameshwari Photocopy Services and Ors[1], disposed the appeal filed by the publishers against the order passed by the Single Judge on September 16, 2016.[2] The DB held that photocopying of copyrighted materials for preparing course packs would be a permissible activity and would not constitute infringement so long as such copying was for purposes of educational instruction. The DB reaffirmed the following findings of the Single Judge on substantive points of law: (i) utilisation of the copyrighted work would constitute fair use to the extent justified for the purpose of education, irrespective of the quantity of reproduction; (ii) “course of instruction” under Section 52(1)(i) of the Copyright Act, 1957 was not limited to a lecture in a class room and extends to various acts of imparting instruction; (iii) reproduction of works under Section 52(1)(i) can be made by an intermediary, i.e., a photocopier, and need not be limited only to reproduction by a teacher / pupil; (iv) course packs will not adversely impact the market of the publishers since students are not potential customers; and (v) distribution of course packs would not amount to “publication” as the element of profit was missing in such publication.The DB, however, partially overturned the judgment of the Single Judge and remitted the matter to the trial court for a fact specific determination of whether: (i) inclusion of the copyrighted works in the course packs was justified by the purpose for which course packs are prepared, i.e. for instructional use; and (ii) whether photocopying of entire textbooks (copied back to back) would be a permissible activity. This issue arose from the findings of the local Commissioner’s report highlighting that apart from the course packs that contained excerpts of various textbooks, eight books had been photocopied back to back.In light of the legal determination above, the DB refused to grant the publishers an interim injunction. However, the photocopying agency was called upon to maintain records of the course packs photocopied by it and supplied to the students and also file a statement to this effect with the trial court every six months till the trial is completed.[1]     Chancellor, Masters & Scholars of the University of Oxford & Ors v. Rameshwari Photocopy Services and Ors., RFA(OS) 81/2016, Delhi High Court[2]     The Chancellor, Masters & Scholars of the University of Oxford & Ors v. Rameshwari Photocopy Services and Ors., CS(OS) 2439/2012, Delhi High Court (Judgement dated September 16, 2016).