A bench of three judges of the Mumbai HC in the case of Chief Controlling Revenue Authority, Maharashtra State, Pune and Superintendent of Stamp (Headquarters), Mumbai v. Reliance Industries Limited, Mumbai and Reliance Petroleum Limited, Gujarat[1] has considered whether stamp duty would be payable on orders of two different HCs in case of a scheme of arrangement under Sections 391 to 394 of the CA 1956 involving two States. In 2002, Mumbai HC and the Gujarat High Court sanctioned a scheme of amalgamation between Reliance Industries Limited (‘RIL’) having its registered office in Maharashtra and Reliance Petroleum Limited (‘RPL’), having its registered office in Gujarat (‘Scheme’). While RPL paid stamp duty in Gujarat on the order passed by the Gujarat High Court, RIL contended before the Superintendent of Stamps, Mumbai that the stamp duty paid in Gujarat by RPL should be set off against the stamp duty payable on the Mumbai HC order under the Maharashtra Stamp Act, 1958. Based on an application made by RIL, Mumbai HC held that: (i) stamp duty is charged on an ‘instrument’, and not on the ‘transaction’ effected by the ‘instrument’; and (ii) orders passed by two different HCs, albeit pertaining to the same scheme of amalgamation, are separate instruments, and therefore, full stamp duty is payable in all States where such a scheme of amalgamation is sanctioned. [1]     Chief Controlling Revenue Authority, Maharashtra State, Pune and Superintendent of Stamp (Headquarters), Mumbai v. Reliance Industries Limited, Mumbai and Reliance Petroleum Limited, Gujarat, AIR 2016 Bom 108